Charlotte Jones 

Webchat: the big climate change debate – as it happened

Read back through all the build up to our Twitter chat with authors and teenagers about climate change and other environmental issues, plus live updates as it happened
  
  

satellite image of planet earth
Satellite image of planet earth at night – how much longer can our planet sustain us like this? Photograph: Deco / Alamy/Alamy

And Earth is saved!

Well maybe we’re jumping the gun a little bit there; and yet... This might be what we are contending with, but on the evidence of this debate alone, teenagers care profoundly about the state of the world and are not going to sit idly by while it implodes around us. Good to know there’s still a place for books though, eh?

The debate is still rolling and will be for some time yet we suspect (using up so much valuable electricity *sob*), but it’s all for a good cause so head over to #GdnEcoChat if you want to keep reading.

A huge thank you to all our participants, authors, teens and everyone else; environmental activists, converts and sceptics alike. It takes all sorts to make (and save) a world. There’s plenty more coming up in our eco week on Guardian Children’s Books so do keep checking in on this list, and may the soothing and mellifluous tones of the inimitable Morgan Freeman carry you off to a new and better world... Happy recycling to all, and to all a goodnight.

And that's it!

With a wiping of the proverbial brow, the hour is up, the end is nigh...

We were hoping for big and bold thoughts to come out of this debate, and perhaps we can claim a modicum of success here tonight if this is indeed true:

Those of you who can’t bear the evening to end, we bring good news!

There are just five minutes remaining but here’s a curveball. Why should we read cli-fi at all?

So if it’s not over yet, where is cli-fi going to head in the future?

Fantasy, yeah we can see that:

Historical cli-fi, nice.

Megan may well to onto a winner here though:

A reassuring assertion from Kate Kelly that we would second:

A case in point:

Any other suggestions for unexpected environmental reads?

Having said that,

And #GdnEcoChat is full to brimming with recommended reading for teens looking to get in the know!

This is a very true point. The publishing scene 5 years ago looked very different for cli-fi. Can it all be down to the recession or is something else going on? How can we begin to bring things back round? The next 5 years may well be make or break time – any longer and it could be too late.

Authors Sarah Holding and Tony Bradman have been having a very interesting conversation about how to engage really young kids.

The risk is we won’t be able to see the woods for the trees (or what’s left of them anyway...)

Perhaps we just need to ask the hard questions and demand the hard answers...

There’s a little of agreement on here – but while we all know instinctively that climate change is very real, happening right now, and a massive problem, we’re dancing around the edges of what precisely to DO about it. Maybe (in an election year, no less), that’s enough?

This would be a tough one – where to start?

Any takers?

Excitement over, Sarah Crossnan has an unequivocal answer to our previous question:

Shock! Horrow! Swoon! A last minute guest entry!

We really are hitting the big time now!

Great question from Children’s Books site member – we’re up to the minute here!

There’s a big debate amongst the young at heart here about the threats of climate change vs. nuclear fallout. Worrying about the environment isn’t a new thing, nor are planetary pressures. The question is, can we ever see climate change as an immediate threat in the way the Cold War was? That may well be the biggest issue facing us today.

We are so philosophical this evening!

No we’ve no idea what it means either...

And, frankly, no webchat is replete without a liberal dose of French theoretic anthropology:

And we have to be realistic, there’s plenty beyond the world of books that needs doing:

This is very reassuring for all of us here tonight: indeed, this could be our entire raison d’etre:

While SF Said and Kate Kelly share holiday snaps, the Big Questions keep on rolling in. Here’s one from TheBookAddictedGirl, replete with an answer:

It’s not just climate change that we’re talking about here, however. There are so many more problems confronting our ecosystems.

How can we possible take on everything at once?

To all those thinking that ebooks might be the answer to our printing dilemma, Joshua A.P. has an excellent riposte:

Here’s one we’re going to ask the audience:

Any thoughts? Let us know at #GdnEcoChat or childrens.books@theguardian.com.

Kate Kelly has a sombre note to sound, however:

As if we didn’t all feel guilty enough already...

Interesting observation from Tony Bradman:

And Frank Cottrell Boyce agrees:

How useful are dystopias really as a way of thinking through environmental issues in that case? What kinds of stories do we need?

So many questions – this feels symbolic of a wider situation, somehow!

Given the facts below, it’s a little hard to see how this might be possible... What can we do to start changing our doom-and-gloom attitudes?

Questions, questions, questions:

Question the first:

Question the second:

And we're off

Better advice we couldn’t possibly offer ourselves.

You can pick the brains of our panel at anytime over the next hour, using #GdnEcoChat, or by emailing childrens.books@theguardian.com.

And what better than an epic power ballad to get us in the mood!

Feeling galvanized? Let’s go!

The questions are beginning to trickle in. If climate change has anything to do about it, it’ll soon be a flood!

There may be plenty of things to fear, but missing out on the action tonight ain’t one of them.

There’s still plenty of time to add your questions. Either head to Twitter and start using #GdnEcoChat - if you want to address a particular participant then make sure to ask them directly (check out the list below) then they know who should answer what! - or email childrens.books@theguardian.com. Remember to keep your questions short as they still need to be tweeted by us, so aim for around 140 characters and head up your email “Climate change live Q&A”. (We’re an unimaginative bunch.)

Still feeling sceptical?

Russell Brand takes on a climate change denier – dontcha just know this is going to be good!

Here’s a little graphic that will shock your socks off

But hopefully not this far into the future…

(Curiously enough, this song is also the title of a book by Saci Lloyd, who will be joining us for #GdnEcoChat in just less than an hour. Spooky!)

Of course, one of the great things about fiction is precisely that we can give the crystal ball a bit of a polish and do some good hard future-peering.

It’s something that teen fiction is particularly good at...

“Climate change. We learn about it in school. We see it on the news and nature shows. We’re told it’s coming and it will be irreversible if we don’t do something. But we’re young. Most of us don’t listen, do we? We’re the internet, smart phone, computer generation and most of us aren’t clued up on renewable energy or carbon footprints.

And even when we know all about them, we often don’t think they affect us. I was like that, when I was younger. And then, then I read my first environmental disaster novel - a dystopian.

The idea of a futuristic world devastated by the very things that are affecting the environment now... It was terrifying - the idea that such horror and pain and fear could come from too many cars and forgetting to turn the light off (and cows - don’t forget cows guys: they produce loads of harmful gasses... via a fart!). It was like being really scared in an incredibly vivid way, so unlike all the textbooks I read about the subject before.

Yes, school teaches us a lot of things. Algebra. Science experiments. The difference between affect and effect. But when it comes to current events in the world around us, both environmental and political, does anything really beat a dystopian? Everyone should learn from the mistakes made in books - especially dystopias. If you look at the causes that lead to most dystopian societies, the catalyst is generally the destruction of the environment, or a world war or a huge nuclear explosion. All man-made problems – all things we could so easily stop…”

Read more from Children’s books site member and book blogger TheBookAddictedGirl here.

Let’s get our facts straight before we start peering too hard into our crystal ball. So when and how did we first find out about climate change, greenhouses gases, carbon emissions and all that jazz? Because, in the words of Guardian editor CP Scott, “comment is free, but facts are sacred”.

900-1300 – The Medieval Warm Period brings warm weather to Europe.

1350-1850 – The Little Ice Age chills parts of the northern hemisphere.

1712 – Thomas Newcomen invents the steam engine, leading the way for the Industrial Revolution and the widespread use of fossil fuels.

1800 – The world’s population reaches one billion for the first time.

1824 – French physicist Joseph Fourier first describes the Earth’s natural “greenhouse effect”.

1860s – Irish physicist John Tyndall shows that gases like CO2 and water vapour retain heat, effectively proving the greenhouse effect.

1886 – Karl Benz invents the first car. Can you guess which car company still bears his name?

1955 – As lots of scientific research takes place in the early decades of the 20th century, aided by equipment such as early computers, US researcher Gilbert Plass analyses in detail the absorption of various gases and concludes that doubling CO2 concentrations would increase temperatures by 3-4C.

1970 – The first Earth Day is celebrated (April 22 this year)

1972 – The first UN environment conference is held in Stockholm, but climate change is not priority.

1975 – The term “global warming” is publicised by US scientist Wallace Broecker.

1987 – The Montreal Protocol is agreed, which encourages countries to restrict the use of chemicals that damage the ozone layer.

1992 – At the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, developed countries agree to return their emissions of greenhouse gases to 1990 levels.

1997 – The Kyoto Protocol is agreed, setting the first emissions reduction targets for industrialized countries; it became international law in 2005 and ended in 2012. Find out who succeeded (and who needs to go on the naughty step) here.

1998 – The warmest year on record, caused by a combination of global warming and a strong El Nino effect.

2001 – President George W. Bush removes the US from its Kyoto targets.

2003 – A heatwave in Europe kills more than 30,000 people. Scientists later conclude that it is the first extreme weather event definitely attributable to human-induced climate change. A third of the world suffers from droughts, which is around double the figure for the whole of the 1970s.

2004 – The Day After Tomorrow is released, one of a slew of climate change-based fictions that year.

2011 – The earth’s population reaches seven billion.

2012 – Scientists measuring how much Arctic sea ice is left in summer find it reaches a minimum extent of 3.41 million sq km (1.32 million sq mi), a record low since measurements began in 1979. (Basically, the ice caps are melting.)

2013 – A report claims that scientists are 95% certain humans are the “dominant cause” of global warming. The average global temperature is 14.6°C, the warmest in thousands of years, and the level of CO2 in the atmosphere reaches 397 ppm, the highest in millions of years.

Find out more here.

So, let’s sort this thing once and for all – is the earth warming up or is it cooling down?

Well, the short answer is: both. The long answer is… long… and complex. According to data from Nasa about global surface temperatures, since 1880 (when records began) the 20 warmest years have all occurred since 1981, with the top 10 all in the last 12 years. Over the past decade, 75 countries set all-time record temperature highs, yet only 15 countries have set all-time record lows. The world’s oceans are getting warmer too: the top 700m (2,300ft) has increased in temperature by about 0.302 degrees fahrenheit since 1969. Now that might sound infinitesimal – a drop in the ocean, you could say (ahem) – but the effect on wildlife and ice sheet coverage in the Arctic, Greenland and Antarctica is immense.

At the same time, we’re also seeing a massive increase in extreme weather events: heavy rains and flooding are more frequent (particularly during the Asian monsoon season) and hurricanes are more intense; heatwaves are hotter and snowstorms fiercer and longer. In the UK, the two wettest seasons on record are 2000 and 2012 respectively. That’s not to mention rising sea levels (estimated at 3mm per year), increasing the risks from flooding, tsunamis – you name it. Of course at this stage there’s little definitive proof that all this is directly attributable to climate change, but the evidence so far is overwhelming.

And yet, and yet – the growing pressure on our planet is not just about climate change: there’s also deforestation, drought, overpopulation, intensive farming, desertification, habitat destruction...

Isn’t all that enough to have you sobbing and rocking to and fro in a corner?!

So why are Guardian Children’s Books (of all people, we hear you say) having this debate?

After all, if the evidence is that irrefutable surely we can just, well – stop. You might think so, my friends, but as the saying goes, things are never that simple… The world’s climate is such a delicately balanced system that it’s going to take far more than just switching off a few light bulbs to make a difference. Plus, with the worst global economic recession since the Great Depression, it’s all too easy to push thinking about it to the bottom of the To-Do list.

Enter Guardian Children’s Books. In line with the Guardian’s new Keep It In The Ground campaign (people with petition-clicky fingers should definitely NOT click on this link – really, you have been warned), we on the children’s books site have been running an eco-themed week, to look at how all these issues are being dealt with in kids books.

As the youth of today and the leaders of tomorrow, we believe teens are the very people who need to be debating these issues. At some point, we’re going to have to make the most seismic shift in living conditions since the industrial revolution. How are we going to move to a carbon neutral society? How can we best protect endangered species? Safeguard water supplies? Defend against extreme weather? And – this is our area of expertise, after all – what role is fiction going to play in preparing us for all this? We’ve a dedicated panel lined up ready to furnish you with answers and save the planet (quite literally)!

In the tweet-seat tonight...

Frank Cottrell Boyce, @frankcottrell_b

Sarah Crossan, @SarahCrossan – you can read the first chapter of her latest book, Apple and Rain, here.

Sarah Holding, @SeaHolding – check out her top 10 cli-fi books here.

Kate Kelly, @gabbrogirl – read her top tips for writing an eco-adventure.

Saci Lloyd, @sacilloyd – read Saci on why Huckleberry Finn was the inspiration behind her first climate change novel.

Head of climate change at WWF UK, Emma Pinchbeck, @ELPinchbeck

Tony Bradman, @tbradman

Leo Hickman, Director/editor of Carbon Brief, @LeoHickman

So how do you get in on the action?

There are two ways to get involved tonight. Just plunge straight in with your questions, demands and grumbles on Twitter using #GdnEcoChat. If you’re not on Twitter then you can still join in by emailing childrens.books@theguardian.com with the same. Remember to keep any questions short as they will still need to be tweeted by us, so aim for around 140 characters and head up your email “Climate change live Q&A”.

You can watch all the action live on Twitter and on this blog too, where there will also be loads of extra content going up throughout the evening.

So get your questions ready! Kick off is at 7pm.

 

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